====== Abszesse ======

(in Arbeit)

===== Kieferabszesse =====

Kieferabszesse entstehen häufig infolge [[zahnfehler#Erworbene Zahnfehler|erworbener Zahnfehler]] (odontogen = vom Zahn ausgehend).((Harcourt-Brown, F. 2006. Metabolic bone disease as a possible cause of dental disease in pet rabbits. Thesis for Fellowship of Royal College of Veterinary Surgeon.))((Borawski, W., Kiełbowicz, Z., Kubiak-Nowak, D., Prządka, P., & Pasternak, G. 2024. Computed tomographic findings of dental disease and secondary diseases of the head area in client-owned domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): 90 cases. Animals, 14(8), 1160.)) Aber auch eindringende Fremdkörper oder unsachgemäßes Zahnkürzen (bei Zahnfehlern) können eine Rolle bei ihrer Entstehung spielen.

Von den Zähnen oder Zahnfächern ausgehende Abszesse können zur Entwicklung einer schweren Entzündung des Kieferknochens (Osteomyelitis) führen.


==== Relevante Mikroorganismen ====

Flenghi //et al//., 2023((Flenghi, L., Mazouffre, M., Le Loc'h, A., Le Loc'h, G., & Bulliot, C. 2023. Normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity in healthy pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Veterinary Medicine and Science, 9(4), 1621-1626.)) setzten sich zum Ziel, die **kultivierbare Bakterienflora in der Mundhöhle gesunder Heimkaninchen** zu bewerten. Insgesamt 33 Kaninchen erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien (kleine Rasse, Einzelhaltung, Innenhaltung, 2 Monate bis 3 Jahre alt), die Störfaktoren reduzieren und damit eine möglichst homogene Stichprobe sicherstellen sollten. Als Rassen waren vertreten: Farbenzwerge (n = 20), Zwergwidder ("//Holland Lop//", n = 11) und Löwenkopfkaninchen (n = 2). Alle Kaninchen waren gesund und wurden mit //ad libitum// Heu, rationiertem Alleinfutter (Pellets) sowie verschiedenen Grünpflanzen und Früchten ernährt, was die Autoren als angemessen erachteten.\\ 
Es konnten 220 Isolate von 35 verschiedenen Bakteriengattungen kultiviert und davon 212 identifiziert werden. Die am häufigsten isolierten Bakterien waren //Streptococcus// sp. (42/212; 19.8%), //Rothia// sp. (38/212; 17.9%), //Enterobacter// sp.(15/212; 7%), //Staphylococcus// sp. (14/212; 6.6%) und //Actinomyces// sp.(12/212; 5.7%); bei weiblichen Kaninchen herrschten //Neisseria// sp. (5,9%) gegenüber Actinomyces sp. (3%) vor. Im Durchschnitt wurden pro Kaninchen 6,4 Bakterienarten bestimmt.

Zu den bisher am häufigsten **aus Kieferabszessen** bei Kaninchen isolierten, kultivierten und potentiell pathogenen Bakterienarten gehören //Streptococcus// spp.((Tyrrell, K. L., Citron, D. M., Jenkins, J. R., & Goldstein, E. J. 2002. Periodontal bacteria in rabbit mandibular and maxillary abscesses. Journal of clinical microbiology, 40(3), 1044-1047.))((Fernández, M., Garcias, B., Duran, I., Molina-López, R. A., & Darwich, L. 2023. Current situation of bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance profiles in pet rabbits in Spain. Veterinary sciences, 10(5), 352.))((Jekl, V., Jeklova, E., & Hauptman, K. 2023. Radical debridement guided by advanced imaging and frequent monitoring is an effective approach for the treatment of odontogenic abscesses and jaw osteomyelitis in rabbits: a review of 200 cases (2018–2023). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 261(S2), S52-S61.))((Levy, I., & Mans, C. 2024. Diagnosis and outcome of odontogenic abscesses in client-owned rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): 72 cases (2011–2022). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 262(5), 658-664.))((Crăciun, S., Novac, C. Ş., Fiţ, N. I., Bouari, C. M., Bel, L. V., & Nadăş, G. C. 2025. Bacterial Diversity in Pet Rabbits: Implications for Public Health, Zoonotic Risks, and Antimicrobial Resistance. Microorganisms, 13(3), 653.)), //Staphylococcus// spp.((Fernández, M., Garcias, B., Duran, I., Molina-López, R. A., & Darwich, L. 2023. Current situation of bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance profiles in pet rabbits in Spain. Veterinary sciences, 10(5), 352.))((Levy, I., & Mans, C. 2024. Diagnosis and outcome of odontogenic abscesses in client-owned rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): 72 cases (2011–2022). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 262(5), 658-664.))((Crăciun, S., Novac, C. Ş., Fiţ, N. I., Bouari, C. M., Bel, L. V., & Nadăş, G. C. 2025. Bacterial Diversity in Pet Rabbits: Implications for Public Health, Zoonotic Risks, and Antimicrobial Resistance. Microorganisms, 13(3), 653.)), //Fusobacterium// spp. (insbesondere //F. nucleatum//)((Tyrrell, K. L., Citron, D. M., Jenkins, J. R., & Goldstein, E. J. 2002. Periodontal bacteria in rabbit mandibular and maxillary abscesses. Journal of clinical microbiology, 40(3), 1044-1047.))((Jekl, V., Jeklova, E., & Hauptman, K. 2023. Radical debridement guided by advanced imaging and frequent monitoring is an effective approach for the treatment of odontogenic abscesses and jaw osteomyelitis in rabbits: a review of 200 cases (2018–2023). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 261(S2), S52-S61.))((Levy, I., & Mans, C. 2024. Diagnosis and outcome of odontogenic abscesses in client-owned rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): 72 cases (2011–2022). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 262(5), 658-664.)), //Pseudomonas aeruginosa//((Fernández, M., Garcias, B., Duran, I., Molina-López, R. A., & Darwich, L. 2023. Current situation of bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance profiles in pet rabbits in Spain. Veterinary sciences, 10(5), 352.))((Crăciun, S., Novac, C. Ş., Fiţ, N. I., Bouari, C. M., Bel, L. V., & Nadăş, G. C. 2025. Bacterial Diversity in Pet Rabbits: Implications for Public Health, Zoonotic Risks, and Antimicrobial Resistance. Microorganisms, 13(3), 653.)), //Pasteurella// spp.((Fernández, M., Garcias, B., Duran, I., Molina-López, R. A., & Darwich, L. 2023. Current situation of bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance profiles in pet rabbits in Spain. Veterinary sciences, 10(5), 352.))((Levy, I., & Mans, C. 2024. Diagnosis and outcome of odontogenic abscesses in client-owned rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): 72 cases (2011–2022). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 262(5), 658-664.)), //Actinomyces// spp.((Tyrrell, K. L., Citron, D. M., Jenkins, J. R., & Goldstein, E. J. 2002. Periodontal bacteria in rabbit mandibular and maxillary abscesses. Journal of clinical microbiology, 40(3), 1044-1047.))((Jekl, V., Jeklova, E., & Hauptman, K. 2023. Radical debridement guided by advanced imaging and frequent monitoring is an effective approach for the treatment of odontogenic abscesses and jaw osteomyelitis in rabbits: a review of 200 cases (2018–2023). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 261(S2), S52-S61.)), //Prevotella heparinolytica//((Tyrrell, K. L., Citron, D. M., Jenkins, J. R., & Goldstein, E. J. 2002. Periodontal bacteria in rabbit mandibular and maxillary abscesses. Journal of clinical microbiology, 40(3), 1044-1047.)) oder auch //Escherichia coli//((Fernández, M., Garcias, B., Duran, I., Molina-López, R. A., & Darwich, L. 2023. Current situation of bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance profiles in pet rabbits in Spain. Veterinary sciences, 10(5), 352.))((Crăciun, S., Novac, C. Ş., Fiţ, N. I., Bouari, C. M., Bel, L. V., & Nadăş, G. C. 2025. Bacterial Diversity in Pet Rabbits: Implications for Public Health, Zoonotic Risks, and Antimicrobial Resistance. Microorganisms, 13(3), 653.)).

((Kizerwetter-Świda, M., Kwiecień, E., Stefańska, I., Chrobak-Chmiel, D., Rzewuska, M., & Bielecki, W. 2025. First Molecular Characterization of Trueperella pyogenes Isolated from a Rabbit Periodontal Abscess. Veterinary Sciences, 12(6), 573.))



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